Bio-tech Plant biotechnology

    Plant biotechnology hormones(regulators)

• hormones are chemical produce by plant that regulate the growth of plant.
• hormones are now as growth regulators are organic compounds that have been naturally synthesised in higher plant which influence the growth  and development.
• growth  regulator are categories in major 3 class
•      1.Auxin;
• it induce cell division, cell elongation\, and callus formation. 
• it has been Rhisogenic action (induce rooting)
• auxin derive from greek word auxein =to grow ,it is 1st isolate from plant and human urine
• all these auxin have been used in agriculture and horticulture practices 
• they help to prevent to fruit and leaf drop at early stages .  
• for example 
  IAA,  IBA,  2,4-D

      2. cytokinen

• cytokinin are derivative of adnine and have important role in shoot induction 
• they have clear effect on cell division and often used to stimulation of growth and development
• cytokinin have important role in organogenesis where they stimulate the bud formation 
• For example- 

       a. 6-furfuryl amino purine 

       b. BAP

       c. kinetin 

     3. Gibberelline

• gebberellins regulates the cell elongation organomically . it is important in determining plant hight and fruit set . 
•  gibberellines are a group of plant hormones that, like , auxin promote plant growth. 
• also effective in stimulating elongation of internodes ,in altering flower time, and increase the cell invasion .

    4.Abscisic acid

• It inhibits the cell division and it an important growth regulator for induction of embyrogenesis
• A potent inhibitor of seed germination without being injurious to the seed.

     5. Ethylene

• It is associated with controlling ripening in climatic fruit and its used in plant tissues culture is generally inhibited 
• a simple gas that is made in small quantities by many plant tissues 
•  It serve as powerful natural regulator of growth and development.
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