UPSTREAM &DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING
- Upstream processing ;The upstream processing in bio-process or fermentation involves identifying and extracting the raw materials. This forms the initial process of fermentation.
upstream process- following steps
• Inoculate preparation which includes screening or microorganisms and selection of suitable strain and genetic modification of the organism if needed
• Preparation of culture media having suitable growth parameters at laboratory
• Scale up of the entire process.
- Inoculation
2.Downstream processing ; when products are subjected to forms in the bioreactor including separation, purification it is also known as downstream processing
Downstream processing -following steps
• Solid-liquid separation • Release of intracellular products
• Concentration • Purification • Formulation
Upstream & downstream process of
- Antibiotics
- Hormones
- Vaccines
Antibiotics;It is a chemical drugs used to treat bacterial infections.
A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
Originally, an antibiotic was a substance produced by one microorganism that selectively inhibits the growth of another.
Example : penicillin, streptomycin
Hormones;A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.
it act like messenger molecules in the body.
It is carried out by blood.
Hormones are essential for every activity of life, including the processes of digestion, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood control.
Example: thyroid hormone,insulin.
Vaccines-A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
a preparation of killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or living fully virulent organisms that is administered to produce or artificially increase immunity to a particular diseases.
Example: Diphtheria vaccine, Polio vaccine,
- Upstream process
- Fermentation
- Downstream process
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